Trans-Africa guerrilla movement fighting for Angolan independence turned political party founded and led by Holden Roberto, Angola's president from November 1975 to February 1976. Movement, begun as the União dos Povos do Norte de Angola in 1954, then the União dos Povos de Angola (UPA) in 1959, was condemned for its extremism and conducting racialist massacres on a bloody path toward taking power. Movement was renamed the Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola (FNLA) in 1961 and reorganized itself as a party in 1992. Attempts to undermine the Mobuto regime in neighboring Zaire brought upon it a multi-front war and destruction in 1978. Holden went into exile and died in 2007. Party had a flowering upon its takeover on November 11, 2007 by Ngola Kabangu and began to moderate its positions, becoming Christian-democratic and center-right.