One of eight regional units formed within the Attica Administrative Region, which was previously known as the Attica Prefecture (Νομὸς Ἀττικῆς) until abolished in 2011 per the 2011 "Kallikratis" agreement. The "Kallikratis" program decentralized the entirety of Greece, breaking apart the former prefectures into units, and reducing the number of municipalities from 1034 to 325. The South Athens regional unit covers the central part of Athens, and is one of four regional units created from territory previously known as the Athens Prefecture (Νομαρχία Αθηνών), which was also abolished in 2011.
