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| Affiliation | Solidarity Action Movement |
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| Name | Jorge Serrano Elías |
| Address |
, , Guatemala |
| Email | None |
| Website | None |
| Born |
April 26, 1945
(79 years)
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| Contributor | Thomas Walker |
| Last Modifed | Juan Croniqueur
Apr 26, 2024 01:37am |
| Tags |
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| Info | Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías was born on 26 April 1945 in Guatemala to Jorge Adán Serrano, a nationally known politician of his day, and was President of Guatemala from 14 January 1991 to 31 May 1993.
After attending school in Switzerland he graduated in industrial engineering from the University of San Carlos, and then attended Stanford University in California, USA, where he studied economic growth and gained a doctorate in education and science. He then returned to Guatemala to become a civil servant. In 1976 he collaborated with various US protestant churches to help the population recover from the devastating earthquake that had afflicted the country. He then published a document describing the miserable conditions under which the indigenous population lived, which resulted in his receiving threats. He went into exile in the US, only returning in 1982, to work in the government of fellow evangelist General Efraín Ríos Montt as Vice President of the Advisory Board to the government.
In 1985 he stood as presidential candidate for the Democratic Party of National Co-operation (PDCN) and the Revolutionary Party (PR), coming third with 12.6% of the vote. In September 1987 as the political parties representative he became one of the four members of the National Reconciliation Commission (CNR).
He became the presidential candidate for Solidarity Action Movement (MAS) in the 1990 presidential elections. He won the first round on November 11 with 25.7% of the vote, and won the second round against Ramiro de León Carpio on January 6, 1991 with 68.1% of the vote. On January 14 he replaced Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo as President of Guatemala. He was the second non- Catholic to gain power in Latin America, after Efraín Rios Montt, Guatemalan president 1982-1983. The transfer of power was the first transition from one democratically elected civilian government to another since 1951. As his party gained only 18 of 116 seats in Congress, Serrano entered into a tenuous alliance with the Christian Democrats and the National Union of the Center (UCN).
The Serrano administration's record was mixed. It had some success in consolidating civilian control over the army, replacing a number of senior officers and persuading the military to participate in peace talks with the URNG. He took the politically unpopular step of recognizing the sovereignty of Belize. The Serrano government reversed the economic slide it inherited, reducing inflation and boosting real growth.
On May 25, 1993, Serrano illegally suspended the constitution, dissolved Congress and the Supreme Court, imposed censorship and tried to restrict civil freedoms, allegedly to fight corruption. The autogolpe (or autocoup) failed due to unified, strong protests by most elements of Guatemalan society, at the forefront of which was the Siglo Veintiuno newspaper under the leadership of José Rubén Zamora. This was combined with international pressure, and the army's enforcement of the decisions of the Constitutional Court, which ruled against the attempted takeover. In the face of this pressure, Serrano resigned as president and fled the country. He was replaced on an interim basis by his vice president, Gustavo Espina Salguero, pending the re-establishment of the constitutional order.
Serrano now resides in Panama with his wife Magda Bianchi de Serrano. He has a set of twin sons and a son named Juan Pablo Serrano, as well as two daughters. He has three sisters, one of whom is Olga Stella Serrano de Salazar, who currently resides in Guatemala City with her husband, Rafael Salazar Farfan.
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